Communication, Writing and Professional Practice Essay - 1

Correspondence, Writing and Professional Practice - Essay Example Most representatives are understudies or different less gifted laborers. These laborers originate from an assorted foundation, and for the most part have a place with various age gatherings, sexual orientation and races. The occupations that the representatives of a grocery store for the most part perform, ranges from manual work, for example, loading racks to the executives obligations. A piece of the on-floor representatives work portrayal is that they need to enable the client to find what they want and give them item data whenever required. Another type of on-floor movement is performed by the clerks who man the POS. Aside from the shop floor, most grocery stores have at any rate one supervisor present at the store consistently. These are normally school graduates with understanding and their set of working responsibilities includes keeping stock controls to other administration related issues. Rest of the work group at a grocery store comprise of the workplace laborers, the agents, secretaries and the bookkeepers. From the request filler to the stocker to the on-floor administrator, how does the correspondence happen? What's more, what are the principles and standard designing that correspondence? As in every single other association and organizations, viable work environment correspondence is among the most significant elements that decide the achievement of a grocery store. Arrangement and Kennedy (1982, Cited in Gilsdorf, 1998) talk in their book about how a solid corporate culture, viable correspondence and cost sparing are connected together. They state that by knowing precisely what their association expects of them, workers will burn through almost no time attempting to conclude the proper behavior in a specific circumstance. We can close from the above explanation that individuals who know the ropes of their association; the individuals who realize the guidelines are commonly increasingly successful in the work that they perform. The term rule here is utilized to indicate the suspicions hierarchical individuals make about the correct method to impart in given circumstances in their specific association (Gilsdorf, 1998). In her paper,

South China Sea and ASEAN-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: There is an absence of agreement in ASEAN. Why? When did it rise? Will it be long standing? Who is behind it - at last paving the way to the issue of China. What has China have to do with the absence of accord in ASEAN and how does that identify with the South China Sea questions? Answer: There is an absence of agreement in ASEAN? Why? The significant explanation behind the nonattendance of ASEANs agreement is because of the exercises of China on the South China Sea (SCS). The ASEAN safeguard clergymen were along these lines empower to concur on the joint proclamation after the gathering/discussion hung on Wednesday. This failure is an away from of the worry of these pastors about the action of China in the South China Sea. This stayed a striking issues of conversation just as one of extraordinary worry by countries in the gathering since it was raised by everybody. For instance, it was obvious from the consistent choice by the PAC in 2016 that Chinas exercises were harming Philippines. The Court decided for Philippines in many inquiries including that Chinese boats conduct were truly hindering the vessels of Philippines and illegal. The Tribunal further granted that the nine-run line of China close by the case to notable rights in SCS were both invalid according to the universal law. [1] The Meeting held in 2016 demonstrated absence of accord where barrier Ministers needed to withdraw their explanation that perceived the exercises in SCS. They had communicated their genuine worry over the most recent and continuous improvement that had disintegrated trust just as certainty, expanded pressures just as which could have the capability of sabotaging harmony, security just as soundness in the SCS. The withdrawn explanation had likewise perceived and accentuated the centrality of non-militarization just as poise in lead of every movement, including land recovery that could bring pressures up in SCS. They further withdrawn the explanation where they had underlined the centrality of looking after harmony, soundness, security, wellbeing just as opportunity of route in nearby overflight over the SCS as indicated by the routinely recognized standards of the global law including 1982 UNCLOS (United Nations Convention) on the Law of the Sea). The ASEAN individuals have let the pivotal financial connections just as interests with China to take cutting edge when working for accord which just implies that they will forfeit the solidarity on the significant issues like SCS. [2] Unlike at the purpose of ASEAN arrangement in 1967 where the associations world perceived trademark was its accord approach where choices were being taken by agreement, not by dominant part, the contemporary ASEANs choices are exclusively by larger part. When did it rise? Will it be long standing? Who is behind it - at last paving the way to the issue of China? When it developed? The absence of accord developed where the Southeast Asian Foreign Ministers neglected to discharge the joint report in Cambodias Summit in 2012 without precedent for history of ASEAN. The solidarity of ASEAN over SCS has stayed a loaded issue for the ASEAN association. [3] For the first run through since initiation, ASEAN outside priests, at the culmination in Cambodia in 2012, neglected to give a joint dispatch, following a profoundly promoted stalemate that year among China and the Philippines Scarborough Shoal in the SCS. The joint standard report toward the finish of the elevated level gathering that occurred on 2016 likewise neglected to occur in August as the announcement was withdrawn scarcely hours after it had been discharged after the notice of Chinese criminal operations in the SCS. Will it be long standing? This absence of agreement will truly be a long standing issue following the exercises of China in the SCS. Without an administration activity on the section an ASEANs progressively nonpartisan states makes it progressively far fetched that ASEAN strategy toward China will change any soon. This is on the grounds that ASEAN individuals appear to can possibly lead the association that can by expansion build up an agreement on China. [4] Such a provincial chief appears not to be here yet since it will require limit both human and budgetary assets, inner responsibility to attempt a position of authority just as the up front investment of its territorial just as worldwide neighbor. None of the ASEAN individuals appears to fit this choice yet or even verge on fitting it. For instance, Jakarta remains the representative head that have the secretariat of ASEAN, yet Indonesia by and by comes up short on the will to take the authoritative administration obligation and job. The fate of ASEAN will stay attached to ascent of China. With a variety of financial, military and political fluctuations among ASEAN individuals, ASEAN requires a string voice among the part nations to direct both outer and inner conference, were individuals would like to produce on ASEAN-driven way to deal with issues of security and extreme formation of accord. Without a submitted just as proficient ASEAN pioneer (s) on political-security matters, occasional emissions of emergencies in SCS may keep on transforming the norm level of influence into the ASEAN incessant shakiness. Who is behind it - at long last paving the way to the issue of China? China is behind this long standing stalemate fundamentally because of its exercises in SCS. At the point when the announcement was discharged preceding withdrawal, it is comprehended that it pulled in private fights from Beijing; even though it never notice China by name, it stayed irregular for ASEAN pastors to certainly scrutinize Chinese conduct or exercises on Chinese soil. The representatives have supposed to be the absence of accord with respect to how to allude toward the South China Sea debates. The South China Sea has stayed a longstanding prickly issues for ASEAN, with different feelings among its ten individuals on the most proficient method to address Chinas confidence just as Chinas working close by overwhelming outfitting of Chinese counterfeit islands in the contested waters. The issues involve the prerequisite to make reference to the need to avoid land recovery and militarization fronted by Vietnam that is among the 4 individuals with contending sway claims with Chin a. China remains incredibly touchy with respect to ASEAN referencing its military abilities development on such islands and some ASEAN individuals are worried about the possible repercussions of upsetting Beijing gave its financial force and military. Any endeavor to reissue the announcement with a conditioning of language on SCS-or even an inside and out exclusions of this specific issue-may have brought up basic issues in regards to the eagerness of ASEAN to mutually face the adventurism of China in SCS, where Beijing has fabricated the fake islands just as raised its military impressions recently. Among these conditions of ASEAN just Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei are immediate petitioners in the SCS questions. Indonesia has of late experienced difficulties with illicit angling exercises of China in its avoidance financial zone, however doesnt perceive the contest with China. [5] The ASEAN appears to be reluctant and unfit to face China. The arrangements between China with ASEAN on the Code of Conduct for the SCS have hauled into their thirteenth year. China, simultaneously, has attempted a huge land recovery crusade to modify the norm in SCS, leaving pundits to mourn the failure of ASEAN to frame a unified strategy toward China. [6] The uncertainty with respect to the ascent of China stays an odd one out in the in Southeast Asia incorporation. Despite the fact that ASEAN had plans to accomplish monetary mainstay of building a provincial network by 2015, incorporation on political-security column stayed steady, somewhat because of ASEAN standards of non-obstructions and non-fierce wheeling and dealing that moderate agreement building. [7] The continuation of same approaches by ASEAN towards China since 1990s has stayed fruitless in shielding China from pushing Asian area towards precariousness just as compromising the coordination of ASEAN. For example, China constrained a showdown with Philippines over Second Thomas Shoal just 9 days before a series of Code of Conduct meetings in the year 2014, China exhibited it had little worry for the objective of a helpful territorial request set by ASEAN. What has China have to do with the absence of agreement in ASEAN and how does that identify with the South China Sea dispute(s)? What has China have to do with the absence of agreement in ASEAN? China has misused the divisions among the individuals from ASEAN and hence applied financial weight, both negative and positive, to shield the economies from arriving at an accord on the oceanic security in their individual lawn. Further, powerless authority on security just as policy driven issues has left ASEAN without an assembled approach on the hostility of China in SCS. This remaining parts a crucial motivation behind why ASEAN remains separated on China. There is no driving economy to defeat political, social, and financial fluctuations and fashion a general accord. [8] The authority in ASEAN following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis remained very frail or missing at all creation China to quickly compel divisions among the ASEAN individuals. Thailand and Singapore have offered controlled authority on monetary issues, yet the capacity of Thailand to perform such a key job has debilitated on account of Thailands interior difficulties. China has misused the nonappearance of center pioneer to further its potential benefit especially absence of solid inside instruments in ASEAN to moderate contrasts among the individuals to encourage the absence of accord in ASEAN. China, for instance, has exploited and permitted numerous ASEAN individuals to seek after various respective activities just as strategies which are very at chances with the ASEAN-driven way to deal with the provincial issues. China is at the focal point of molding the ASEANs key condition than ASEAN itself due the absence of solid ASEAN authority. It is announced that Chinese discretion had t

Portfolio (J) Example

Portfolio (J) Example Portfolio (J) â€" Coursework Example > Part 1: In the main cities of UK, there are too many sites where open plots are lying vacant. These plots are filled with garbage of the households and shopping centre or with the debris of the demolished buildings (Burberry P 1997). These sites can be put to useful purposes and can be used for municipal and other civic uses if all the basic requirements of civil engineering are properly fulfilled. The lands in the cities are extremely costly and housing needs are extremely skyrocketing. There are very many fundamental requirements of the satisfaction of all the codes and procedures of the civil engineering based ground stabilizations of these sites. B) The ground stabilization is the major area of investigation for these works. Before we go for improving theses sites for any type of building shops, complexes, housing projects, this is a basic parameter to survey theses sites for their ground stabilizations etc. The structure of soils means to test and check the soils composing el ements like sand, silt and clay. The texture of ground and soil composes on the analysis of these soils for the relative percentage and composition of theses soil particle. The compactness of soil is the most important part of these surveys also. Subsoil water is critical. These areas are hard to open for their solutions for Substructure designs and basements: foundation solutions for multi-storey building, soil support, control of groundwater, and the methods of fabrication. C) when we come to the already existing buildings we find that there are Superstructures: structural frames and masonry structures, with their fundamental properties of structural materials, needing appraisal of the principles of structural design, and their connections applications to simple farms, and reinforcement materials and design, fire protection and performance, claddings, climatic factors, and the description, design and integration of environmental service system. These are of investigation fro the point of view of civil engineering and architecture needs to investigate that as to what is the age, strength and capacity of the concrete and steels structures of these superstructures. The masonry materials and works have again to be appraised and put in place on the basis of basic and archived drawings of these super structures. Fire protection aspects and climatic and environmental considerations have to be built in these super structures. D) After having done all the above three aspects we need to do the investigation about the Roofs of the: selection, design, construction and performance of roofing these roofs. This is utmost important because roof are that part of the building that lies over head and is either rusting and prone to falling down or gives a bad shape to the building. The selection of the design and materials used for the roof are often found inconsistent with the actual design of the building. More important is about the design, construction and weather perfo rmance of these roofs of the superstructures. These aspects have to be surveyed, tested and redone according to the requirements of modern civil engineering codes and procedures.

Heroes and How to Represent Them - 929 Words

The word hero is Greek, from a root that means â€Å"to protect and serve†. A hero is someone who is willing to sacrifice his own needs on behalf of others, like a Sheppard who will sacrifice to protect and serve his flock. At the root, the idea of hero is connected with self sacrifice† (Vogler, pg. 29). A hero represents an ego which distinct them from the rest of the human race. The journey of many heroes separates them from a family or tribe. They begin a long journey of only wisdom and power which keeps them distant from their home. According to Christopher Vogler, the author of The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure for writers, a hero’s journey requires many inner strength and functions. One of these functions is growth. Growth meaning growing from a young man into an older one. When you go from you acquire knowledge and that is what happened to these heroes. This growth occasionally shows through the collection of the hero’s knowledge and wisdom which helps the hero gain strength while conquering obstacles on his journey. The obstacle tests the hero’s power to determine if the hero will die or survive. In every heroes story there is a confrontation with death. If the hero doesn’t actually face death then he is threatened with death which will show if the hero may succeed-live or fail-die. â€Å"The heart of many stories is the learning that goes on between a hero and a mentor, or a hero and a lover, or even between a hero and a villain (Vogler, pg.31).† A hero is defined as aShow MoreRelatedThe Bible And The Odyssey1662 Words   |  7 Pagesof the books. These heroic figures from the Bible and The Odyssey have many similarities and differences that reflect the different cultures they are from. These heroes are called upon by greater beings, such as gods, to complete difficult journeys and or tasks that the god has made them destined to complete. Each of these legendary heroes demonstrates a particular culture’s needs. Through these journeys and or tasks they are forced to overcome challenging obstacles and make sacrifices. A hero isRead MoreThe Best And Worst Parts Of Society1367 Words   |  6 PagesComic book characters represent the best and worst parts of society as seen through the eyes of the writers. Heroes emanate what the writers perceive as the ideal human, someone attractive with a strong moral code and a high tolerance for pain. Villains represent what the writers perceive as problematic, people who are overly ambitious, immoral and represent the â€Å"other†, both in appearance and beliefs. These characterisations reflect the views of society’s majority, white men, essentially the creatorsRead MoreThe Hero As A Hero1009 Words   |  5 PagesI could never fully understand what the title hero represents. It is very confusing thinking about a definition of the word hero. Growing up I had a lot of heroes. My favorites heroes changed as I was growing older. As a kid, Superman was my favorite hero. He could fly, stop bullets, he had laser eyes, and see through walls. It was exci ting. When I grow older, John McClane was my hero. He will stop terrorist all by himself, risking everything that he got just to save the people he cares about. ItRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages Heroic stories in English literature have unmatched fame because of the traits that the heroes exude. 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Throughout this paper the reader will find examples of similarities and differences between two virgin goddesses and how they represented the cultures of women, purity, and womanly duties. Athena and Artemis were both believed to be daughters of Zeus. They were believedRead MoreThe Greek Heros Triumph Over Monsters1477 Words   |  6 Pagesis 100 percent human, and an example of a mortal hero within these myths Jason, of Jason and the Golden Fleece. A demi-god is defined as someone who is part human, but is also part god. In Greek myths, Hercules and Perseus are examples of demi-god heroes in their myths. Whether he be mortal or a demi-god, the hero may receive some help from a god in completing his task in some myths. However, it is still the hero, not the god that accomplishes the task and is recognized for it. Every Greek myth withRead MoreCompare And Contrast Beowulf And King Arthur901 Words   |  4 PagesSince the beginning of time, on every corner of the earth, there have been heroes who possess traits that make them important gifts to the world. The specific qualities that heroes possess influence their own lives and those of the people around them, specifically like the heroes in the epic â€Å"Beowulf† and the novel The Once and Future King. Each trait that Arthur and Beowulf possessed impacted major events in their lives, such as defeating Grendel in â€Å"Beowulf† or removing Excalibur from the stoneRead MoreComparison of Moses and Odysseus1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe stories of heroes have been at the axis of nearly all cultures throughout history. Each different type of religion or culture has their own heroes or legends, each one of them having their differences to go along with the beliefs at hand. On the other hand, each and every hero also has their similari ties, which therefore makes them the hero. The setting, events, and characters in each and every story may change, but the characteristics of the hero remain basically the same. Each person is usually

Employers Should Use Social Network Profiles in the Hiring...

Social networks are increasing dramatically every year. Employers are turning to social networks because it is a tool to screen job applicant’s profiles. According to a survey conducted by jobvite.com (2013), 94 % of employers use social media profiles to recruit job applicants. This trend assists the applicants and recruiters. Job applicants should be judged by their social network profiles because social media give positive image about the candidate, prove the information in the resume, and help to identify if the person fits the culture of the company or not. Social network profiles are the most essential tool to judge job applicants because it reflects a good image of the job applicants. For example, if the company is recruiting a†¦show more content†¦This way of evaluating applicants is significant specially when hiring the right person. If a person has skills and qualifications, he/she will enter the first step of finding a job. Also, employees want to show other characteristics to employers in order to convince them that they are the right people for the right place. For example, when job applicants show a high-level of motivation and respect to other people, they will inform the recruiter of their characteristics. Job applicants should be evaluated based on their social network profiles because it confirms that applicants would fit the organization’s culture in term of the objectives and activities or not. (Should You Use Facebook to Pre-Screen Job Applicants?, n.d). Social media profiles could be extension and reference of applicant’s resume. Most Facebook profiles could be used as an asset for job applicants. It is considered as an extension of their resumes. It shows person’s enthusiasm and knowledge for certain skills and interests. For example, a job applicant who is applying for a position at Veterinary clinic can show a range of posts, photos, video with animals so it confirms his/her passion in working in this area. (Should You Use Facebook to Pre-Screen Job Applicants?, n.d). What is more, LinkedIn provides professional network where recruiters can search a name and find more information about the candidate easily. This way enables employers to look closely to people’sShow MoreRelatedSocial Medi An Effective Tool For Employers1621 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Media: An Effective Tool for Employers in the Hiring Process United States citizens regard the freedom of speech as one of their most cherished rights. This freedom is guaranteed by the First Amendment in the United States Constitution. Since its adoption in 1791, Americans have reveled in the privilege of saying what they please without fear of the government’s consequential interference. 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According to Davison and Maraist (2011), â€Å"A recent survey by the Society for Human Resource Management reported that in 2006, only 21% of organizations had used social networking sites as an HR tool, but in 2008, 44% had used social networking sites for HR†¦the same survey rep orted that 34% of organizations currently use social networkingRead MoreThe Effect Of Increasing Use Of Social Media On The Workplace1446 Words   |  6 Pagesa report about the effect of increasing use of Social Media in the workplace in Australia. This is not the use of Social Media as a MARKETING tool. The world of social networking services is rapidly increasing, and it is commonly used in the workplace in Australia. 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Boyd, and Ellison, (2007), referring to their journal Social Network Sites define social network sites as: â€Å"Web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system.† pRead MoreJobs for the Future Employee1360 Words   |  6 Pages{Getting {a job|hired|employed} in environmental {companies|firms|associations}.| How to {make|get|achieve} {a position|job|hired} in the environmental {companies|firms|associations}.| Get {hired|employed|selected} by {employers|leaders|owners} of the companies that are {dominating|leading|commanding} the environmental sector} {You are one of those students who have graduated recently and are willing to join in any company that is working on the sector related to environment.| You have an intentionRead MorePersonal Branding1628 Words   |  7 Pagesbrand† for ourselves by joining a social network and using our page as a billboard to advertise our talents and goals. Developing a personal brand makes us a more valuable asset, whether to the company we work for, a potential employer, or your own enterprise. This paper discusses the development and deployment of â€Å"personal branding† through appropriate social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. It gives and insight on strategies for using social media for career advantage, privacyRead MoreAn Analysis Of Media In Social Media862 Words   |  4 Pagesmarket oneself and grow their career. The social applications have not only expanded the job market but have also developed tools that marketers can use to develop their own bu siness consulting services online. The primary social media channel of choice will be LinkedIn, which is a professional networking site with over half a billion active e users engaging in different forums and LinkedIn groups. 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Product Development Specifications Free Essays

1)a. When making patterns, they can either be produced in house or be outsourced. Both types have their advantages and disadvantages. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Development Specifications or any similar topic only for you Order Now The advantage to using in house pattern making is that the fit of the garment can be more customized. When a company makes its own patterns, it has years of experience with their target market and their needs. Also, companies that produce their own patterns can base new patterns off of previous seasons. However, a disadvantage is that is expensive, and a smaller company may not have the resources to use their own pattern makers. When outsourcing pattern making, a company can either use pattern making services, or full service contractors. Pattern making services create patterns without the product developer having to invest in their own computerized pattern making system. The other type of out sourced pattern making, full service contractors, are usually used by product developers looking to knock off a design. The product developer sends an already made sample to the pattern maker with size specifications. Full service contractors are more difficult to use when making original designs. Some disadvantages to outsourcing pattern making are that different countries have different methods of pattern making and different perceptions of the body. Also it takes time to check samples, and language and measurement system are usually different in other countries. b. When choosing materials, specifications can either be open or closed. Open specs are when the information provided is more generic and only contains basic facts. Closed specs are when the specifications are very detailed and specify an exact material and supplier. A disadvantage to closed specs is that they can become very expensive. However an advantage is that they ensure consistency of the end product. Some advantages to open specs are that they are cheaper and less time consuming, however the end product could be less accurate. c. Tolerances are variations from criteria that will be allowed when producing a product. If a product does not meet tolerances, it will be rejected. Tolerances can either be tight or loose. Tight tolerances have less room for variation. The advantages to tight tolerances are that products will be more consistent, and fit better. However, the disadvantages are that it is costly, and time consuming as it may take a few tries to meet tight standards. Loose tolerances are when specs have a wider variation. Products that have loose tolerances vary more often, but are cheaper and faster to produce. 3) Standards and specifications in the product development process are very important because they affect quality, cost, and the time it takes to produce an item. In general, when a product has more standards and specifications it takes longer to produce and is more costly, but it will be a more consistent, high quality product that fits better. When there are less standards and looser specifications, products can be made faster and for cheaper but will be of a lower quality. When choosing standards and specifications it is important for the product developer to keep the company and its end target market in mind. For instance, when developing product for companies such as Zara or Forever 21, the focus is on producing products quickly as fashion is always changing and trending up or down. These companies would use looser specifications with lower standards to get their product produced as quickly as possible. Since the product is at a lower price point, the quality of products is not taken into as much consideration. However, for products that set the trends and are sold at higher price points, more time would be taken on specs and standards as the target market expects quality. LIM College. (2010). Chapter 9: Translating Concept to Product. Product Development (pp. 262-279). United States of America: Fairchild Books, a Division of Conde Nast Publications. How to cite Product Development Specifications, Papers

American Imperialism Research Study free essay sample

S was building a corporal empire to increase peace between areas such as China and Japan in order to maintain overall trade. Trade between these areas and the U. S. would also change America’s economic situation completely. †¢ What were the benefits of America’s imperialistic actions for the people in these countries or areas? What were the disadvantages? How would you describe their experiences in terms of being conquered, assimilated, or marginalized? America’s imperialistic actions in other countries have both benefits and disadvantages. Countries that received imperialistic ctions from America have increased trade options between the U. S. and other nations. There is also the benefit of having American protection during times of revolts or having America as an allied during times of war. Disadvantages to American imperialistic actions are that the governments of these nations no longer have control over their government. American influences centralize ev ery nation’s government into one government abiding by American rules. We will write a custom essay sample on American Imperialism Research Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another disadvantage is that if a country is not controlled by American Imperialistic actions then they are in danger of retaliation from America in times of war. Each nation that the U. S. sought to control for whatever reason was done so either by brute force or through the manipulation of peace treaties and trade agreements. For example, when Japan would not increase trade with the U. S. and closed many of their shipping ports, the U. S. posted the Navy at the ports and eventually forced the ports to re-open for trade. If America sought to control or expand to an area it did so in a way that would benefit America. †¢ What were the moral implications of American imperialism? How did imperialists justify their actions? How did the anti-imperialists justify their position? Consider the role of race, economics, science, and religion. American Imperialism began in the late 1800’s as a means for America to build more wealth, gain more power, and acquire more territories. Imperialistic ideas came in the form of extending the nations authority to other nations. The implications for extending the United States authority to other nations in some aspects was in relation to morals were neither justified nor ethical in some cases. The United States involvement in other countries was justified by the United States effort to make these countries more civilized. Anti-imperialists strictly opposed any form of Imperialism. Anti-imperialists believed that it was unjust to try to rule or conquer other nations. They also felt that the Imperialist effort was unjustified. They also believed that by conquering or expanding into foreign nations for the purpose of foreign trade was a racial discrepancy. The efforts of Anti-imperialists to change American imperialism were weak and never made it as a viable part of American history but their belief system was greatly contrasted to American Imperialism. What significance did the Spanish-American War have in the development of the United States as an empire and world power? The Spanish American war was a result of Cuba’s struggle for independence from Spain. The United States wanted to see Cuba rise as an independent nation based on the economic investments the United States had in Cuba. During the war between Cuba and Spain, Spain had offered concessions to Cuba; Cuba refused and demanded their fu ll independence. Peace negations between the United States, Cuba, and Spain ultimately failed leaving the United States no choice but to intervene in the war efforts on Cuba’s behalf. The United States naval force defeated Spanish troops. Cuba’s long seemed independence was now a reality and the United States had acquired two new territories (Guam and Puerto Rico). The United States now had expanded as far as the Caribbean to the Far East. Therefore making the United States an empire along with a world power. †¢ Do you think the United States is currently an imperialist country? Why or why not? Yes, I do believe that the U. S. is currently an imperialist country. The United States spends much of its time creating peace treaties with other nations, between other nations such as China and Japan, and creating trade agreements between other nations. The United States has also established many alliances with other nations. Whenever there is a war between two nations the United States steps in to either fight the same war or to help create peace between the two fighting nations. When American Imperialism began the main purpose was to civilize other nations of the world and America still does that today when they step into a war that is based on one countries suffering. Early American Imperialism also centered on America superiority and power over other Nations. This too can still be seen today. Whenever a war or revolt breaks out in another country the United States government intervenes in such a way to create peace or to join the war effort. America has significantly grown since American Imperialism began and such areas as Hawaii and Alaska, once considered their own nation, are now states in the United States. Cite and reference all information sources consistent with Associate Level Writing Style Handbook guidelines.

SWOT Analysis of Apples iPhone 5s free essay sample

The situational analysis of a company’s product is essential to understanding where a product can best succeed and, often more importantly, where it will fail. To conduct a thorough analysis of a product involves examining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that a product brings to a company. In the case of Apple and the iPhone 5s, these four qualities are simple to ascertain. I. Strengths The Apple iPhone 5s, has several strengths. For instance, Apple has very high consumer loyalty. In fact, data compiled by Consumer Intelligence Research Partners states that 78% of iPhone users go on to buy another, whereas Android users have a 67% retention rate. These figures are even more impressive when one examines individual Android brands. Here are some of the top smartphone companies and their respective consumer retention rates. It is this remarkably outstanding customer loyalty that allows Apple to churn out massive profits. For whatever reason, most Apple users will only use Apple products. We will write a custom essay sample on SWOT Analysis of Apples iPhone 5s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Apple knows this, and continues to offer smartphones at a significant markup, sometimes exceeding 40% of the total cost to produce it. Due to gross overpricing, Apple is able to make larger profits than its competitors, even though it only holds 13% of the market share. II. Weaknesses While Apple may have an advantage in consumer loyalty, it has a severe disadvantage when it comes to new consumers and emerging markets, primarily because suitable alternatives are readily available. For example, the cheapest (16GB internal storage) iPhone 5s has a retail price of $649(USD), compared to the global average price of all smartphones which is $312(USD). Since an iPhone can cost more than twice as much as a suitable alternative it becomes increasingly difficult for Apple to penetrate price-sensitive markets. Another weakness the iPhone 5s has is a lack of upgrades from the iPhone 5. When one compares the specifications of these two phones, differences do not exactly stand out. They have the same 8 megapixel camera, the same 6401136 pixel resolution, the same dual core 1300 MHz processor, a scant 8 MB increase in RAM, the list goes on and on. The only noticeable advantage the 5s has increased in-call battery life by two hours. When compared to previous iPhone releases, the 5s has the fewest innovations and improvements. This could prompt consumers to wait until the iPhone 6 is released before upgrading. III: Opportunities Apple’s opportunities in the smartphone market stem primarily from its loyal user base. As long as the company continues to innovate its products in order to stay ahead of (or at least on par with) competing enterprises, the iPhone should continue to be a massively profitable product for years to come. Threats Obviously, the largest threat facing the success of the iPhone 5s is the looming monstrosity that is Android. Currently, Android is dominating the smartphone market, gobbling up an impressive 81% of the market share. This is primarily due to more flexible pricing, vast variety of phones, and compatibility with a larger variety of service providers. If Apple were to increase the variety of phone size and possibly consider lowering profit margins, it is possible to regain lost market share.

Free Essays on Laws

Why People Obey the Law By Tom Tyler The main question addressed in Tom Tyler’s essay is, obviously, â€Å"Why do people obey laws?†. The essay tackles two main reasons. These include social relations and normative values. Social relations refers to the way social groups influence people. They do so through rewarding and punishing members of their group â€Å"either by withholding or conferring signs of group status and respect, or more directly by channeling material resources toward or away from particular members (475).† Also included in social relations is the fact that people do not commit crimes because their family and friends would look down upon them if they did. Second, a person’s normative values include â€Å"the sense of what is right or appropriate (475)† to that individual. These are sometimes referred to as internalized obligations. Internalized obligations are two-fold; first is personal morality and second is legitimacy. Personal morality has to do with a person’s compliance to laws due to the knowledge of right and wrong. The essay contributes compliance to the second part of internalized obligation: legitimacy. Legitimacy, according to Tyler, â€Å"is regarded as a reservoir of loyalty on which leaders can draw, giving them the discretionary authority they require to govern effectively†¦(477).† Legitimacy has three possible objects including authorities, the regime, and the community. Cooperation with those in power is legitimacy of authorities. Legitimacy of regime is the support of institutions. When an authority belongs to a certain social group, that social group will view that authority as â€Å"one of them† and therefore that authority will have legitimacy of that social community. A study was done in Chicago that focused on why people obey the laws. First of all, it found that legitimacy does influence compliance to laws. The study found â€Å"that normative concerns are an ... Free Essays on Laws Free Essays on Laws Why People Obey the Law By Tom Tyler The main question addressed in Tom Tyler’s essay is, obviously, â€Å"Why do people obey laws?†. The essay tackles two main reasons. These include social relations and normative values. Social relations refers to the way social groups influence people. They do so through rewarding and punishing members of their group â€Å"either by withholding or conferring signs of group status and respect, or more directly by channeling material resources toward or away from particular members (475).† Also included in social relations is the fact that people do not commit crimes because their family and friends would look down upon them if they did. Second, a person’s normative values include â€Å"the sense of what is right or appropriate (475)† to that individual. These are sometimes referred to as internalized obligations. Internalized obligations are two-fold; first is personal morality and second is legitimacy. Personal morality has to do with a person’s compliance to laws due to the knowledge of right and wrong. The essay contributes compliance to the second part of internalized obligation: legitimacy. Legitimacy, according to Tyler, â€Å"is regarded as a reservoir of loyalty on which leaders can draw, giving them the discretionary authority they require to govern effectively†¦(477).† Legitimacy has three possible objects including authorities, the regime, and the community. Cooperation with those in power is legitimacy of authorities. Legitimacy of regime is the support of institutions. When an authority belongs to a certain social group, that social group will view that authority as â€Å"one of them† and therefore that authority will have legitimacy of that social community. A study was done in Chicago that focused on why people obey the laws. First of all, it found that legitimacy does influence compliance to laws. The study found â€Å"that normative concerns are an ...

The processes needed to effectively plan, implement and manage the Essay

The processes needed to effectively plan, implement and manage the capacity of a manufacturing organisation - Essay Example Through manufacturing capacity development, organisations determine the most efficient methods for manufacturing through analysing different manufacturing processes, which can be utilised in manufacturing of similar products. The management of the manufacturing processes aims at increasing the manufacturing capacity for various manufacturing plants. Proper management of manufacturing processes would ensure maximum manufacturing capacity, through maintaining the highest achievable production with available resources. The manufacturing capacity should also be properly managed and controlled in order to achieve significant benefits (Ceryan and Koren, 2009). Proper utilisation of resources, therefore, becomes fundamental to effectiveness of manufacturing capacity, under varying business conditions. Consideration of the impacts of the variations could enable an organisation achieve desirable manufacturing capacities, with limited manufacturing resources. The manufacturing process Manufact uring generally refers to the processes involved in transforming raw materials into usable products (Grewal, 2011). The manufacturing process remains highly dependent on the economic systems existing within the manufacturing regions. Within free market economies, manufacturing aims at producing large quantities of products. Collectivist economies produce a manufacturing system aimed at supplying products based on government direction, while mixed economies are characterised by numerous governmental regulations on manufacturing processes. The manufacturing policy adopted by various plants therefore, remains highly dependent on the economic system under which the manufacturing process occurs. While economic systems affect the manufacturing design adopted by manufacturers, the manufacturing capacity remains independent of economic systems, within the manufacturing region. This capacity becomes solely dependent of the processes adopted within the manufacturing system. The processes are utilised in determining the efficient methods which can effectively use limited resources and achieve immense production outcomes. The manufacturing process adopted could be utilised in development of the plan being adopted to ensure maximum return on investment. The manufacturing process normally defines the technology being adopted in converting the various raw materials into consumable products. The process involves the application of various technological methods and systems utilised in converting raw materials into consumable products (Sweeney, Williams and Camm, 2009). In choosing the manufacturing process, the human capital capacity and other resources become fundamental considerations, for decision-makers in ensuring efficiency of manufacturing. Proper utilisation of available resources could result in increased output while utilising similar manufacturing methods, and having equal resources. The manufacturing capacity seeks to establish the highest production level achievab le through utilisation of available resources. The output remains a significant determinant of manufacturing capacity for a specified manufacturing plant. Planning The planning process for manufacturing capacity remains essential in establishing various methods which could be utilised to ensure maximum output from available resources. The optimum capacity building must be established during the planning process (Grewal, 2011). During this stage, the fundamental issues considered include the amount of capacity required and the type of systems which should be adopted. In determining the required capacity, the market target for the goods becomes essential. The decision-makers must have knowledge of the market for the products. Fast-moving consumer goods, for example, would involve

Archival Studies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Archival Studies - Research Paper Example Organizations are at the verge of changing diverse activities to suit the most appropriate management procedures, it is therefore very appropriate to enhance an effective way of reviewing processing manuals. Update of processing manuals also offers the reader with the latest policies that exist in a particular organization. This reduces instances of confusion in an organization since each member has the same documentation of policies that he is supposed to abide by. Moreover, it keeps the employees at par in terms of objectives of a particular organization since they all have the latest information, which shows the latest targets of the organization. A poorly updated manual conversely leads to inconsistency therefore increasing the risk of violation of laws, regulations as well as other organizational standards. Even worse, it may result to a heightened risk of injury or harms of the employee and hence put the organization at the risk for lawsuits as well as other damages. Therefore, organizations should take time in maintaining as well as updating processing manuals in the most efficient way (American Psychological Association, 2004). From ancient times, record keeping has focused on utilization of paper documents as a way of keeping records. However, with the development of technology, documents are now stored using electronic gadgets. An electronic document is essentially a soft copy of a paper document while a paper document is a hardcopy of an electric document. There are dissimilarities between the varieties of data storage. To begin with, the scale of electronic information is much larger than the information on paper documents. Typically, the point is open since disks used to store the information at numerous gigabytes, and the size grows daily. One drive can contain a million or more documents, and a single company can hold backup files of up to five million records. Secondly, the efficiency of

Situation Of Persons With Disabilities In Pakistan

Situation Of Persons With Disabilities In Pakistan Although there is no widely accepted definition of persons with disabilities, twodefinitions can be found in the National Policy for Special Education in Pakistan: Disability means the lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner that is considered to be normal. A person with disabilities means a person who, on account of injury, disease, or congenital deformity, is handicapped in undertaking any gainful profession or employment, and includes persons who are visually impaired, hearing impaired, and physically and mentally disabled. The 1 998 Population Census defined the term disability as, Any restrictionor lack (resulting from an impairment) of the ability to perform an activity in themanner and within the range considered normal for a human being. Impairmentmeans any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or functional. According to the census for 1998, there are 3,286,630 people with disabilityconstituting 2.54 per cent of the population (Bureau of Statistics, 1998). Thefigure is underestimated, as the definition of disability did not include moderateand mild disability. Data collectors for the census were not trained to identify andclassify all forms of disability. Disability has often been regarded as a peripheral issue in discussions onhealth services. Despite a number of progressive policies included in thePakistans Constitution that declares equal rights for all, disabled people are stillregarded in the main as an insignificant minority. In the health sector particularly,they are regarded as cases to be cured, tailing which they are referred towelfare for care. I he denial of human rights, and the exclusion andmarginalization of disabled people is manifested in many forms within the healthsector. To date in Pakistan, services for disabled people have been based on anunderstanding of disability as individual pathology, the disabled person beingseen as a problem to be corrected. Its development can be traced to the greatstrides in medical science and technology, which led many to believe that dysfunction, could be explained through rational scientific argument; the cause of any condition regarded as abnormal being attributed to the malfunction of a physiological system. Pathology thus provided the means by which dis-ability could be distinguished from able-bodiedness, abnorrnality from normality. Disability as malfunction has since grown to be seen as a specialized health problem, at the heart of which is an emphasis on clinical diagnosis. Consequently the aim of medical rehabilitation is to assist the individual to be as normal as possible. in traditional societies such as Pakistan where education is low and economic development has not taken off, any disability among household members is normally concealed, especially disabilities acquired from birth or those developed soon thereafter. Intellectual disabilities and physical deformities arc perceived as stigmata since their existence could jeopardize the family name, which becomes especially important in societies with extended Families. The existence of any disability related to psychological concerns that results From congenital antecedents is considered a serious threat to a familys social status. The familys concern is related to the social discrimination that other people would likely demonstrate, which in the view of the family concerned justifies concealing the existence of such offspring. Another reason why family events relating to disabilities are concealed relates to the exchange phenomenon in marriages, especially on the bridegrooms side. The fear that other children in the family concerned may also carry genes which could adversely affect their progeny means that parents often will not reveal that such a person exists in the family, since it would be difficult For them to find spouses for their other, non-disabled children. Such fears are much greater fur families that are socially mobile or who have a relatively higher social status. The Religious/Moral model is historically the oldest and is less prevalent today. However, there are many segment of society in Pakistan that associate disability with sin and shame, and disability is often associated with feelings of guilt, even if such feelings are not overtly based in religious doctrine. For the individual with a disability, this model is particularly burdensome. This model has been associated with shame on the entire family with a member with a disability. Families have hidden away the disabled family member, keeping them out of school and excluded from any chance at having a meaningful role in society. Even in less extreme circumstances, this model has resulted in general social ostracism and self-hatred. In poverty-stricken developing society, like Pakistan, where additional hands are always needed to assist with family work, thereby supplementing family income, the existence of a person with a disability is considered a curse orunfortunate fate for the family concerned. The loss of family labor in addition to the diversion of family resources to care for the needs of a child with a disability usually results in additional fertility to offset the loss of that childs potential contributions to family income. The assumed need for having additional children could lead to reproduction within a short interval to neutralize potential social pressure and possible social sanctions. In following this line of reasoning, the cause of the original congenital disability and the potentially adverse consequences of another pregnancy on maternal health are relegated to a position of lower importance than the need for reproduction. In societies lacking social norms and institutions that should provide family support in terms of the socialization and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, families are put under extra pressure owing to the heavy demands on their time to make up for this lack of support. The presence of a disabled person in a family is thus considered a life-long problem, because the person concerned is expected to remain always dependent on other family members for support. In addition, the person with a disability represents a loss of productive potential in terms of society. The social pressure to bear additional children who can help to support such disabled persons leads to enlargement of the dependent population. Further, in their haste to respond to social pressures, couples usually ignore the possibility of giving birth to yet other children with congenital disabilities. These attitudes are among the complex sociological perspectives involved in treating the subject of disabilities. of consider these facts, The Tragedy/Charity Model is still exists in Pakistan which actually casts the disabled person forever in the poor unfortunate role, It emphasizes and encourages dependence on others rather than independence one might say it is a form of killing with kindness since if this is taken to extremes the disabled person may lose those life skills they had and become increasingly dependent. The disabled person is represented as brave and admirable solely because they live with their impairment, an object of pity and the focus of attempts to extort money from others in order to address the persons extensive and expensive needs. There is little or no recognition of the potential for independence or of the role of the disabled person in selecting the services they need or want. however, important changes were to occur with the evolvement of the modern era profoundly influenced by the enlightenment. One of the difficulties likely to be encountered is the negative impression created by the very widespread presence of disabled persons, whether neighborsor relatives, for whom no rehabilitative treatment is available. The problems of disability seem to be quite familiar to the general public in Pakistan, whereas there is little or no conception of solutions. It is not surprising in these circumstances that attitudes focus on helplessness and hopelessness. It will presumably be difficult to remove this impression before there has been a major upswing in the provision of rehabilitative services. Equally it will be difficult to provide facilities without a favorable climate of opinion. Attitude and provision must advance together. Traditionally used by charities iii the competitive business of fund-raising, the application of the Tragedy/Charity Model is graphically illustrated in the advertisement on newspapers and televised Children in Need appeals in which disabled children are depicted alongside young victims of famine, poverty, child abuse and other circumstances. Whilst such appeals raise considerable funds for services and equipment which are not provided by the government, many disabled people find the negative victim-image thoroughly offensive. The idea of if being recipients of charity lowers the self-esteem of people with disabilities. In the eyes of pitying donors, charitable giving carries with it an expectation of gratitude and a set of terms imposed upon the beneficiary. The first is patronizing; the second limiting upon the choices opens to disabled people. Also, employers will view disabled people as charitable cases. Rather than address the real issues of creating a workplace conducive to the employment of people with disabilities, employers may conclude that making charitable donations meets social and economic obligations. This is not to advocate dismantling charities and outlaw caring, charitable acts, which enrich our society and bring badly needed funds. But we do need to educate charity managers and professionals to review the way they operate and ensure that funds are channeled to promote the empowerment of disabled people and their full integration into our society as equal citizens requiring our respect and not our pity. The specific type and amount of neglection against disabled children will vary depending upon whether it occurs within the family, in the community, in institutional settings or in the work place. There are however, several key issues that appear time and again when such behavior occurs. Most striking is the issue of reoccurring stigma and prejudice. From the date of independence to date in Pakistan many although not all communities have dealt poorly with disability. Cultural, religious and popular social beliefs often assume that a child is born with a disability or becomes disabled after birth as the result of a curse,bad blood, an incestuous relationships, a sin committed in a previous incarnation or a sin committed by that childs parents or other family members. A child born in a community where such beliefs exist is at risk in a number of ways. A disabled child is more likely to face extreme negative attitudes at birth and this increased risk for ignorance reappears throughout the life span. This behavior compounds already existing social, educational and economic marginalization that limits the lives and opportunities of these children. For example, disabled children are far less likely than their non-disabled peers to be included in the social, economic and cultural life of their communities; only a small percentage of these children will ever attend school; a majority of street beggars are disabled children. Disabled children living in remote and rural areas may be at increased risk. in societies and including Pakistan where there is stigma against those with disability, research indicates that some parents respond with ignorance because of the shame the child had brought on the family or respond with violence because a lack of social support leads to intense stress within the family. in Pakistan, while many parents are submissive towards children where no disability exists, when a disabled child lives in these setting his or her disability often serves to compound and intensify the nature and extent of the abuse. For example, a mobility impaired child may be less able to flee when physically assaulted. A child who is deaf may be unable to communicate about the abuse he or she faces to anyone outside his or her household, unless these outsiders speak sign language or understand the home signs the child uses. A child who is intellectually impaired may not be savvy enough to anticipate a parents growing anger or know when to leave the room to avoid being struck. Regular observations of child rearing practices in Pakistan indicate that a disabled child faces increased risk as the result of child-produced stress, It is hypothesized that this cycle of increasing tensions can begin long before the child is diagnosed as having a disability. For example, a child with a hearing impairment may be regarded as disobedient; a child with vision problems may not make eye contact and appear to be unresponsive, a child with a neurological disorder maybe difficult to comfort or feed. Other researchers suggest that parents who become violent towards their disabled child are reacting not to the childs condition alone, but to the social isolation and stigma they encounter from surrounding family, friends and neighbors. Parents of disabled children often lack social supports as family and friends distance themselves; they can find no school willing to take their child or theylive in communities where there are few or no social services to help them with their childs needs. It is possible that both child-produced stressors and social isolation are compounded to produce a stressful in a household coping with a disabled child. It is also true that not all households with disabled children in Pakistan are stress prone and even within the same communities there are coping mechanisms in some families that prevent this behavior, while children with identical disabilities in other households are subjected to burden. As with many aspects of negative attitude towards disabled children, at this point, much more research in Pakistan is needed to allow us to adequately understand the factors that inhibit or foster these attitudes towards disabled children. The disabled child in a majority of household may receive less food, medical care or other services. This can be subtle, for example, parents or caretakers may wait a few additional days before spending scarce money for medicine or the child may receive less food or less nutritious food than his or her sibling. The low socioeconomic status of the family and the present inflation rate prevailing in the country may worst the situation a lot. Such neglect can lead to further impairments in a vicious feedback cycle in which the disabled child continually loses ground developmentally. Such neglect may be further exacerbated by gender for example, in Pakistan mostly parents spend huge money for boy childrens disability that for girl children, despite the fact that disability itself affects equal numbers of males and females. Neglect, in the form of the lack of adequate medical care, less nutritious food or lack of access to related resources, is the apparent cause of these deaths. In Pakistan as a general practice, the child is kept home to ensure his or her own safety, as parents fear that the child may be struck by a cart or abused by someone in the neighborhood. But in many other instances, even in educated and/or porch families a child is kept isolated because the family fears the reaction from other members of the community. As per treatment given by clergyman, children in some communities are kept shackled in windowless storerooms, hold hands and feet with iron chain, hot household courtyards or dark attics for night, often with little or no interaction, even by those within the household. Even in the next door neighbors may not know of the childs existence. Here is a need to create awareness among parents to send their disabled in special schools, for this see Box No. 1 for this purpose. When it comes to convincing Pakistanis that special education is important, especially the rural poor, the key individuals that arguments must be targeted toare parents. Parents must be persuaded that special education is valuable and necessary for their children with special needs. School administration, social service and child advocacy agencies may be aware that a disabled child Is the victim of violence or neglect, but choose to keep that child in the household because there are few or no residential care facilities are available in the country. The response of disabled children themselves to on-going violence within the home is dictated by a number of factors. They may be aware that this type of behavior is unacceptable, but fear loss of relationship with care giver or family member. While this is an issue for many children in violent households, for disabled children dependent on their abusers for physical care, communication with the outside world or other disability-specific concerns, these issues are more complex. S/he is also be aware that this type of behavior is unacceptable, seek to alert authorities, but are not listened to or believed. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, individuals who work as teachers, attendants for disabled children, or help transport, feed or care for such children, are often underpaid, overworked and largely unsupervised. While many who undertake such career choices do so out of the best of motives. Very few schools have mechanisms in place that allow students, parents to complain about victimization of these negative attitudes. This is all the more serious because in many areas of Pakistan and specially in rural areas there are only a handful of schools or educational programs that are available for disabled children. Parents/caregivers or children may hesitate to complain about abusive behavior in the school, fearing that they will be dismissed from a program when no alternative exists. Mostly in Pakistan, Disabled children are often kept in environments that can only be described as inhumane. Institutions for disabled children are often at the bottom of government priority lists and lack adequate funding, consistent support or oversight from government or civil society. Institutions are often overcrowded, unsanitary and suffer from lack of both staff and resources which lead directly to avoidable suffering and below the growth standards. The low pay, low social status, long hours and hard working conditions in many institutions means that workers are hard to find and administrators are quick to hire anyone. Background checks on personnel often are not done. This allows some individuals, intent on harming or exploiting children, to regularly seek work in such institutions. Because of lack of a registry or oversight of suchpredators when an abusive employee is discovered it is not uncommon for that individual to be tired from one institution and soon turn up working at another institution for disabled children nearby. Compounding this, as noted earlier, individuals with disability and their families tend to be ftir poorer than other members of the population, and this poverty can severely limit the ability of disabled children and their families to afford light for their rights. The large number of disabled children and their families who live in poverty also reduces that number of disabled young people able to afford related private special schooling. Because disabled children frequently receive no formal education or low quality education, their working lives often begin earlier than those of their nondisabled peers. Furthermore, because they are rarely trained or apprenticed for a specific trade or skill, they are often sent to work at the most menial jobs, constituting some of the harshest forms of child labor. While it is known that many disabled children are in the workplace, little information on these children exists because most find work in informal sectors of society as house servants, farm workers, in shops or in factories. Honestly speaking, in Pakistan, documentation of this attitude against disabled children in the workplace is therefore absent or very rare. However, knowledge from other realms of disability research can provide some insight. For example, those disabled children who are unable to work as quickly as their non- disabled coworkers, or those who are unable to hear to understand or follow directions, are at risk of being insulted and bullied. Because finding and keeping work for individuals with disability is difficult in most societies (i.e.: even in developed countries, the unemployment rate for adults with disability often is above 80%) disabled children and adolescents have little voice in the workplace and are at risk not only for physical and verbal abuse, but are also less likely to report such abuse or to quit should they be abused. In Pakistan, especially in rural areas and also most of the developing and under developing countries, the most common form of employment outside the household for poor disabled children may be begging. Disabled children are regularly used to generate income through begging. Some are placed on the streets to beg by their own families, some are sold by their families to others who keep stables of disabled children in organized rings of beggars. Either way, reports and anecdotes from dozens of countries indicate that such children are routinely subjected to violence both in order to keep them on the streets and once on the streets, by members of the general population, who see such children as easy prey. In more recent times, however, the notion of disability has come to be conceptualized as a socio-political construct within a rights-based discourse. The emphasis has shifted from dependence to independence, as people with disability have sought a political voice, and become politically active against social forces of disablism. Disability activists, in engaging in identity politics, have adopted the strategies used by other social movements commanding human and civil rights. And these strategies have brought gains, but within certain limitations. In Pakistan, from the mid 1980s, the country has enacted legislation which embraces a rights-based discourse rather than a custodial discourse; and which seeks to address issues of social justice and discrimination. The legislation also embraces the conceptual shift from disability being seen as an individualized medical problem to rather being about community membership and participation, and access to regular societal activities such as employment, education, recreation and so on. Where access is inappropriate, inadequate, difficult or ignored, advocacy processes have been initiated to address situations and promote the peoples rights. Yet, rights-based discourse, although employed as a political strategy, has also become a way of constructing disability by locking people with disability into an identity which is based upon membership of a minority group. Entitlements thus become contingent upon being able to define oneself as a person with disability. And the conceptual barrier between normal and abnormal goes unchallenged, so that while one may have entitlements legislatively guaranteed, community which cannot be legislated for, remains elusive. While rights-based discourse, at a strategic level, has brought some additional entitlements to people with disability, it has not significantly altered the way in which disability is constructed and so, despite legislative changes, some peoples lives have not necessarily changed. Rights-based discourse fails to meet these challenges for, rather than seeking to dismantle the entire concept of disability, it actually relies upon such a construction to support its claims for rights and entitlements. Part of the problem with the subject of education of disabled children in Pakistan is that it suffers from a lack of identity as a discipline or part of a discipline, and it operates in relative isolation from other relevant disciplines. Therefore it does not benefit from the research in other disciplines, and lacks accountability. An alternative approach would aim to acknowledge these difficulties, to draw onother disciplines where relevant, and to locate the subject within a development framework. HOW WE IMPROVE THE SITUATION: Improvement shall only be possible when we will work on each and every sector which prevents disability to its severe consequences. The following discussion highlights some of these areas. 1. Prevention: The majority of disabilities are preventable. There are, however, a number of reasons why there is a failure to prevent disabilities in Pakistan. Although there are a number of policies aimed at preventing disabilities, there is no coherent coordination between the various government departments to ensure that these policies are properly carried out. Also, there are a number of areas in which policies should exist, but do not. It is recommended that the Ministry of Health, in consultation with other relevant departments and the Directorate General of Special Education (DGSE), facilitate the development of a National Inter-SectoralDisability Prevention Strategy that will set national norms and minimum standards for the prevention of disabilities. 2. Public Education and Awareness Raising: One of the greatest hurdles disabled people face when trying to access mainstream programs arc negative attitudes. It is these attitudes that lead to the social exclusion and marginalization of people with disabilities. Negative attitudes are continually reinforced. Disability is portrayed as a problem People with disabilities are viewed as helpless and dependent; as ill and in constant need of care and medical treatment, or as tragic victims. Culture plays an important role in the way we relate to people with disabilities. This contributes to the perception of people with disabilities as different or outsiders. The changing of attitudes is not something that happens automatically or spontaneously. Attitude changing is a complex process which involves moving, in a series of stages, from one set of attitudes to another. Public education and awareness are central to the changing of attitudes. 3. Health Care: Appropriate, accessible and affordable health services at primary, secondary and tertiary level are essential to the equalization of opportunities for people with disabilities. Such services should include general medical and nursing assistance on an in-patient, out-patient or community home care basis, and specialized health professional assistance. 4. Rehabilitation: Access to appropriate rehabilitation services can make the difference between leading an isolated and economically dependent life and leading an economically independent life and playing an active role in society. The main policy objectives should be: to enable peo5le with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychiatric, and/or social functional levels; to provide people with disabilities with the tools to change their lives and to give them a greater degree of independence; to prevent secondary disabilities or to reduce the extent of disability; to take into account the specific needs of different disability groupings. 5. Assistive Devices: Assistive/rehabilitation technology enables individuals with disabilities to participate on equal terms. If people with disabilities are to access their rights and responsibilities and participate in society as equal citizens, they must have access to appropriate and affordable assistive devices. The production, supply and maintenance of assistive devices are presently uncoordinated. Imported devices are steeply taxed, making them very expensive. Initiatives to develop appropriate and affordable assistive technology have, to date, taken place in isolation from general technology development (i.e. they are aimed at a special market), with very little participation by consumers, or collaboration between the various sectors and agencies. With the assistance of modern technology, products should be developed for use by people with a range of different disabilities. The aim should be to reduce costs by producing for a larger market. This may require greater standardization of products. 6. Barrier Free Access: The way in which the environment is developed and organized contributes, to a large extent, to the level of independence and equality that people with disabilities enjoy. There are a number of barriers in the environment which prevent disabled people from enjoying equal opportunities with non-disabled people. For example: structural barriers in the built environment; inaccessible service points; inaccessible entrances due to security systems; poor town planning; and poor interior design. It is recommended that the Department of Public Works, in consultation with the National Environment Protection Agency (NEPA) and other stakeholders, develop national guidelines and minimum norms and standards with regard to barrier-free access. 7. Transport: There is a need for rapid progress in developing a public transport system that is flexible and accessible. Without this, people with disabilities will continue to remain largely invisible and unable to contribute to, or benefit from, the services and commercial activities available to most of their fellow citizens. Given the fact that the ability to use services, or attend school or work, is largely dependent on the ability of people to get there, the lack of accessible transport is a serious barrier to the full integration into society of people with disabilities. A large proportion of the population uses the bus services as their chief mode of public transport. Policy makers tend to focus on wheelchair-lift equipped buses when considering access. There are, however, a number of low-cost accessible features that could be considered in the short term. Dial-a-ride services have proven particularly popular in densely populated areas. The primary distinction between this service and existing services operated by welfare organizations is that people are able to use the service for any purpose, whether to work, school or for social reasons. Although the major airports in Pakistan have introduced extensive upgrading projects to make their facilities more user-friendly, smaller provincial and regional airports still remain extremely discriminatory against disabled commuters. This is, in part, due to a lack of information on national guidelines and minimum standards and norms. The larger airlines have introduced personnel training programs to facilitate a more sensitive service from airline staff. 8. Communications: Sign Language is the first and natural language of Deaf people, whatever thespoken language of his or her hearing parents may be. Sign Language is thecentral focus of Deaf peoples human rights. It is important to note that Sign Language is a language in its own right, with its own grammar and syntax. Sign Language uses the modality of space, in contrast with the spoken language which uses the modality of sound. There are several regional variations of Sign Language in Pakistan. Special Language Systems/Augmentative and Alternative Communication refer to any mode of communication used by people who can not use a spoken or sign language. They include Braille, touch, Bliss symbols or other means of communication. Interpreter services are linked closely to the communication needs of Deaf people and people with limited or no speech. These services enable them to communicate freely with society, and arc an essential clement in the achievement of equal opportunities for people with communication disabilities. They include Sign Language interpreters, lip speakers,

Minicase Raines and Warren Finance Essay

The disadvantage of using company collateral to back the bonds is, the asset used as collateral cannot be sold during the term of the bond and must maintain its value. 2. Seniority of the bond. The seniority of the bond is the order in which bonds will be paid in the event of bankruptcy. The more senior the bond, the higher priority of being paid if there is a bankruptcy, and the lower the coupon rate because the risk to the bond owner is lower. 3. The presence of a sinking fund. A sinking fund is an account set up by the trustee of the bonds. The trustee saves and pools money to purchase, pay off, or call bonds early. Setting up a sinking fund will lower the risk, thus lowering the coupon rate. The risk to the company is not having available funds to feed the trust. 4. A call provision with specified call dates and call prices. A call provision could be included to call the bonds if interest rates drop substantially. The call provision will raises the coupon rate but protect you from paying a high rate for a long period in the event rates drop. 5. A deferred call accompanying the call provision. A deferred call accompanying the call provision would give the bond purchaser a protection period where the bond could not be called. Adding this provision will prohibit you from calling the bond for a set time (call period), and puts you at risk of paying a high interest rate for the deferred period. Therefore, you have a lower coupon rate than a call provision with no deferral period but still higher than a bond with no call provision at all. 6. A make-whole call provision. A make-whole call provision is the safest call for the investor and a lower coupon rate for you. The discount rate is based on the current Treasury rate plus a small-specified percentage. The investor is protected by being made whole if there is a call. 7. Any positive covenants for purchaser and some S&S might consider. Positive covenants on bonds are proactive and reduce the coupon rate. Applying positive covenants to the bond makes it more attractive and secure to the investor by applying conditions that protect the investor’s interest. You may wish to consider a covenant to furnish your audited financial statements to the investors. This is something you already do and it would decrease the coupon rate. If you choose to secure with assets (see number 1), including a covenant to assure that the asset is in good working condition would lower the coupon rate. 8. Any negative covenants for purchaser and some S&S might consider. Negative covenants on bonds are restrictive and reduce the coupon rate. Applying negative covenants to the bond makes it more attractive to the investor but may hinder the operation by putting limitations on your business actions. You may want to consider a clause that you will not merge with another firm and that you will not issue any additional long-term debt. 9. A conversion feature. A conversion feature allows a bond to convert to stock and unless your company is planning to go public, this would not apply to you. If S&S has any plans to go public, you should consider a conversion feature. This feature would benefit the bondholders if the company did go public and if included could lower the coupon rate. 10. A floating-rate coupon. A floating-rate coupon is much like an adjustable rate loan. The coupon rate, tied to a published rate such as the Treasury bill interest rate over a set period, is adjusted per a set schedule such as every six months. There is a disadvantage of doing this when rates are low but will be more attractive to the investor, thus a lower margin. A cap on how much the rate can be increased or decreased would be a good addition if you choose this option. This would be a consideration if you choose not to have a call provision.

FCS 3215: Observation Assignment Essay

Dr. Isabella, this project requires that you observe two preschool-age children in the Child and Family Development Center (ground floor of the Alfred Emery Building) and, on the basis of your observations, report on a particular aspect of their development. In the following pages, three options will be presented–you may focus on either language development, play, or emotional behavior. Thus, the option you select will determine the nature of the observation you conduct, but it is also true that all projects must follow the same guideline. First, you must decide which of the three options you will pursue. Second, you should become familiar with the objectives of your observation (based on the descriptions presented in the following pages as well as any reading from the textbook that would prove useful in this regard). Third, you should begin planning your observation; this should include decisions regarding what you will focus on during your observations (e.g., behaviors, specific features of the physical and social context), what kinds of things you will try to take notes on in the course of your observation, which preschool class you will observe, and when you will plan to conduct your observation to assure that you will leave yourself enough time for a second chance should you fail to gather all of the necessary information on your first observation attempt. Fourth, you should conduct your observation, paying very careful attention to the behaviors and situations that you have (beforehand!) decided are most importan t–in all cases, you will have to observe two children for 15 minutes each. Take notes and remember that these notes are all you will have to work from when writing your paper. I also would recommend that you allow yourself approximately 1 hour for your observation. This would allow you at least a few minutes at the beginning of the observation to get a feel for the classroom and the children in it and to identify the two children you will observe; ample time to observe each child for 15 minutes (which may be split into 5 minutes now, 5 minutes in a short while and 5 more minutes at the end of your hour); and even some time to make up for observations that don’t result in any useable information. Fifth, you must rely on your notes and the details of the assignment to  prepare your paper. In all cases, I am asking that you provide some general, objective information about what you observed in each child, and that you interpret your observations in terms of what youâ₠¬â„¢ve learned about preschooler development. In addition, the introduction of your paper should provide a brief description of who you observed, when you observed them and what was going on in the preschool classroom during your observation period. Finally, at the end of your paper, briefly comment upon your experience as an observer. For example, How easy or difficult was it? What did you learn? How confident are you in the representativeness of the behaviors you observed for each child? As usual, all papers MUST BE TYPED. You are limited to 3 typewritten pages so think carefully about how best to organize all of the information you wish to present. Papers are due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, April 15. The preschool schedule is as follows: There are three different preschool classes (children ages 3-5): one meets Mon/Wed/Fri, 8:30-11:30, one meets Tues/Thur, 8:30-11:30, and one meets Mon thru Fri, 12:30-3:30 pm). In all cases, there should be no problems if you observe (quietly) from the observation booths attached to each classroom, or from outside the playground fence. If you wish to observe from within the classroom, or if you wish to go onto the playground with the children, you will need the permission of the head teacher. Simply tell them about the project, mention the class and instructor’s name, and there should not be a problem (do this ahead of time!). Following are descriptions of the three options, each focusing upon a different feature of preschoolers’ development. [Adapted from Bentzen, W.R. (1985). Seeing your children: A guide to observing and recording behavior. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers Inc.] I. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT A. Background Information Language is one of the more prominent behaviors in the preschool child. The preschooler is rapidly acquiring speech vocabulary and is refining his grammar to conform more closely to adult speech patterns. For many people, language is an indication of intellectual and social progress. In this exercise, you will be concerned with describing and analyzing the child’s speech and determining such things as the depth and variety of his/her vocabulary. 1.It is important to look at the child’s speech in terms of Piaget’s concepts of egocentrism and sociocentrism. Egocentric speech is speech that does not take the other person into account; it is speech that, for all practical purposes, is private. There is no real effort to communicate with the other person; therefore, whatever is said is meaningful only to the speaker. Piaget identified three types of egocentric speech: (a) monologue, in which the individual talks only to himself and with no other persons present; (b) repetition, in which the individual repeats words and phrases over and over again as if to practice them or as if he simply enjoyed making the sounds; and (c) collective monologue, in which two or more persons are talking together but none of them is paying attention to what the others are saying. Each â€Å"conversation† is independent of the other conversation. Socialized speech, on the other hand, is public speech. It is intended to communicate with someone and each person takes into account what others are saying and responds accordingly. Q1: 2.Does the child engage in egocentric or socialized speech? What are the circumstances under which these types of speech are used? Vocabulary is the foundation of speech. We communicate by putting individual words together into properly constructed sentences and paragraphs. Presumably, the greater the number of words in our vocabularies, the greater the number and variety of sentences and ideas we can utter and transmit to others. Words have different meanings and serve different purposes. Moreover, words must be placed in the correct position within a sentence; thus, there are rules of grammar and syntax. Q2: What do you observe about the child’s vocabulary? In particular, examine the child’s speech for words that express relations and oppositions, for example, words such as and, or, not, same, different, more, less, instead, if, then, and because. Also, how varied or rich is the child’s vocabulary when he/she talks about the world and the people/things in it? Think in terms of general classes or categories of objects, persons, and events, then assess how many different words the child uses to discuss those categories and/or how many different categories the child uses. B. Observational Objectives To learn about the language production abilities of preschool children, and how children of preschool age use language as a means of social interaction. C. Procedure For this exercise, your purpose is to observe and record the language behaviors of children as they are engaging in social exchanges. Basically, you will need to write about the vocabularies demonstrated, the ways in which children use their language for the specific purpose of communicating with others (either adults or other children), and the degree to which language appears to be influenced by the setting in  which it occurs. For this purpose, select two children and observe each of them for 15 minutes during a time when they have opportunity to interact with others in a small group setting–free-choice periods are probably best. (Do not try to observe two children at the same time!). As you observe, take notes regarding the nature and variety of words used by each child (writing down exactly what the child says would of course be very useful), the child’s specific use of language to communicate with others, and the context in which all of this is going on. For each child, your paper should include a brief description of the language used (including information about vocabulary, communication and context) as well as an interpretation of each child’s language behavior in terms of what you’ve learned about development during the preschool years. II. PRESCHOOLERS’ PLAY A. Background Information Play is considered by some psychologists to be the most important activity in which the young child engages. Indeed, play activities pervade the lives of children from infancy throughout childhood. Some play seems obviously linked to the child’s observation of adults; other play seems to stem from the child’s fantasies and from experiences that she finds particularly enjoyable. There are a number of explanations of the major purposes of play. These range from play as getting rid of excess energy to play as a means of socioemotional expression. Play can be a group or an individual activity. Play is distinguished from non-play by its special characteristics, the most important of which are its voluntary nature and its complete structuring by the participants, with little regard for outside regulation. When play is governed by consistent rules, we say children are playing games. These rules give play a social dimension. The participants must put their own personal wishes i nto the background and abide by the requirements of the game and the wishes of the larger group. It is important to note that not everything children do is play, although they will sometimes try to make play out of what adults intend to be serious. Parten (1932) has identified six types of play, which are given in an accompanying list (next page). Remember that play, like all behavior, occurs in a physical and social context. Therefore, include in your report information on the equipment and materials the child was using in his play and who the child was playing with, if appropriate. B. Parten’s Six Classifications of Play or Social Interactions 1. Unoccupied Behavior: Here the child is not engaging in any obvious play activity or social interaction. Rather, she watches anything that is of interest at the moment. When there is nothing of interest to watch, the child will play with her own body, move around from place to place, follow the teacher, or stay in one spot and look around the room. 2. Onlooker Behavior: Here the child spends most of her time watching other children play. The child may talk to the playing children, may ask questions or give suggestions, but does not  enter into play. The child remains within speaking distance so that what goes on can be seen and heard; this indicates a definite interest in a group of children, unlike the unoccupied child, who shows no interest in any particular group of children, but only a shifting interest in what happens to be exciting at the moment. 3. Solitary Play This is play activity that is conducted independently of what anyone else is  doing. The child plays with toys that differ from those used by other children in the immediate area within speaking distance, and she makes no effort to get closer to them or to speak to them. The child is focused entirely on her own activity and is uninfluenced by other children or their activities. 4. Parallel Play: Here the child is playing close to other children but is still independent of them. The child uses toys that are like the toys being used by the others, but he uses them as he sees fit and is neither influenced by nor tries to influence the others. The chid thus plays beside rather than with the other children. 5. Associative Play Here the child plays with other children. There is a sharing of play material and equipment; the children may follow each other around; there may be attempts to control who may or may not play in a group, although such control efforts are not strongly asserted. The children engage in similar but not necessarily identical activity, and there is no division of labor or organization of activity or individuals. Each child does what he or she essentially wants to do, without putting the interests of the group first. 6. Cooperative or Organized Supplementary Play The key word in this category is â€Å"organized.† The child plays in a group that is established for a particular purpose: making some material product, gaining some competitive goal, playing formal games. There is a sense of â€Å"we-ness,† whereby one definitely belongs or does not belong to the group. There is also some leadership present–one or two members who direct the activity of the others. This therefore requires some division of labor, a taking of different roles  by the group members, and the support of one child’s efforts by those of the others. C. Observational Objectives To learn about the distinguishing characteristics of different forms of play, specifically according to Parten’s classification of play behaviors. D. Procedure Familiarize yourself with Parten’s classifications of play as described above. Select two children in the preschool and observe each of them for 15 minutes, preferably during a free-choice period when the children are free to move about the room and play with who or what they wish. (Do not attempt to observe both children at the same time!) As you observe each child, look for examples of each type of play or social interaction as described by Parten. Also, in addition to classifying each child’s play behaviors, observe whether there are any patterns to their play. For example, are there particular situations in which a child tends to be an onlooker, but in other situations he/she engages in parallel or cooperative play? As you observe, you should take notes regarding these relevant issues so that you will have something to work from in writing your paper. For each child, your paper should include a brief description of the types of play exhibited (including information about which type(s) are exhibited most frequently) and the social context which characterized each type of play. Additionally, you should provide an interpretation of your observations based on what you’ve learned about development during the preschool years. III. EMOTION BEHAVIOR A. Background Information Emotions are such a basic part of our psychological beings that we sometimes take them for granted. Some of our emotions are clearly identifiable by us. We know when we are angry, frightened, or joyous. At other times, however, we can have feelings that are not so clear; we may not be able to label what we feel. Whatever the case, emotions are internal experiences that are private and directly accessible only to the individual experiencing them. This being so, we cannot state with certainty what emotion another person is feeling. She   must tell us, or we must infer the emotion on the basis of the individual’s behavior, facial expressions, and the event that preceded and might have caused the feeling. A child’s emotional behaviors become more refined and extensive as she matures. Therefore, a four- or five-year-old will typically be more emotionally expressive than a two-year-old. In this exercise, you will be trying to gain some understanding of the child’s emotional behaviors, of the range of her emotions and the kinds of situations that prompt these behaviors. Again, you can only infer what the child is feeling and cannot observe emotions directly. Therefore, be cautious in your interpretations and concentrate on the child’s obvious behaviors and the contexts in which they occur. 1.There are several emotions that are commonly found in preschool children: aggression, dependency and fear. Aggressive behavior is frequently defined as behavior that is intended to physically or psychologically hurt another person (or oneself) or to damage or destroy property. An important issue is whether a behavior is intentionally aggressive or simply an accidental occurrence. Further, it is argued by some that in order for a behavior to be termed aggressive, the aggressor must feel anger or hostility toward the â€Å"victim† and must derive satisfaction from hurting the victim. This kind of aggression is called hostile aggression. In contrast to hostile aggression, there can be cases where the aggressor is interested only in getting some object from the victim or achieving some goal. This is called instrumental aggression, and it need not involve anger or hostility. Q1: Q2: 2.Observe the child’s behavior for instances of aggression, either toward  another child or an adult, or towards objects in the environment. Be certain to differentiate between intentional, hostile and instrumental acts of aggression. What kinds of situations or frustrations make the child angry? What behaviors by other people anger the child? How does the child express his/her anger? Dependency consists of such behaviors as clinging or maintaining proximity to adults or other children, seeking approval, recognition, assistance, attention, and reassurance, and striving for affection and support. It is important to recognize that all of us are dependent. The issue is to what degree and under what circumstances we show our dependency. It is also useful to distinguish between two basic types of dependency: a) instrumental dependency, which essentially is the necessary reliance we have on others for certain things that are beyond our capacity to do; and b) emotional dependency, which is a need to be near others and to have their support, affection and reassurance. It can also be the unwillingness or the selfperceived inability to do things for oneself that one can or should be able to do. It is important that, where possible, you distinguish instrumental dependency from emotional dependency behaviors. It is also important to note that as children mature, the character istics of their dependency behaviors change. Very young children are likely to show clinging and proximity-seeking behaviors, whereas older children, who also have greater cognitive abilities, will likely seek attention and approval. Q3: 3.Fear is demonstrated by such behaviors as crying, withdrawing, seeking help, and avoiding the fear-producing situation. Fear can promote both dependency and aggressive behaviors. Nonetheless, fear can be expressed in such a way that it, and not aggression or dependency, is the primary emotion. Q4: 4.In what situations or activities is the child dependent, and, for example, seeks the presence, direction, or assistance of others? In what situations is the child independent and does not seek direction or assistance from others? What kinds of objects or situations appear to scare the child? In what ways does the child express his/her fears? How does he/she deal with his fears (e.g., by withdrawing, confronting the fearful situation, seeking help)? In addition to the emotional behaviors just discussed, there are other feelings that children are capable of experiencing and expressing. You should be alert to as many of the child’s affective states as possible. For example, there are the feelings of pleasure and displeasure, frustration, boredom and sadness. Like adults, children will differ as to how accurately they can identify and/or express what they feel. Q5: What kinds of things does the child find pleasant? What activities, play materials, stories, games and so on, seem to be particularly attractive to the child? How does the child express that pleasure? Q6: What kinds of things are unpleasant or uncomfortable for the child? In what situations does the child appear to be ill at ease? How does she express her displeasure? Q7: Are all or most of the child’s feelings expressed with equal strength, or does their intensity vary with the particular feeling or situation? B. Observational Objectives To learn about the differences in children’s emotional behaviors and the range of emotional responses in preschool children. C. Procedure Select two children, observe and record each child’s behavior for a 15-minute period (do not attempt to observe both children at the same time!). Record behaviors in as much detail as possible (attending to the kinds of things that would help you answer the above questions) and be sure to include descriptions of the physical and social context as they apply to the emotional behaviors observed. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU OBSERVE CHILDREN DURING THE VERY BEGINNING OF THEIR PRESCHOOL CLASS SO THAT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO SEE THEM AS THEY ARE BEING DROPPED OFF BY THEIR PARENTS AND THEN MAKING THEIR INITIAL ADJUSTMENT TO THEIR PRESCHOOL SETTING. Your paper should include a brief description of each child’s behavior (including the different kinds of emotions, the contexts in which they occurred and the relative frequency of each expression) as well as an interpretation or comment on each child using some of the questions and background information provided above. Finally, compare the two children, looking at the range of emotional expression, intensity of expression, and what evokes the emotional responses. In short, summarize how the children differ from each other in this area of functioning.